SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN ETIKA
Suatu Tela’ah Mengenai Pendidikan Etika Bernegara
Abstract
Etika Yunani maupun dalam diskursus tentang etika modern secara substansial memiliki persamaan, di mana etika memberikan arahan agar manusia dapat hidup dengan baik dan bermakna berdasarkan nilai-nilai kebaikan. Agar manusia hidup baik maka yang perlu ditempuh ialah dengan menggunakan etika kebijaksanaan. Etika kebijaksanaan inilah yang memunculkan orang-orang bijaksana, karena orang-orang bijaksana memahami kehidupan atas kosmos dan realitas. Plato mengatakan, negara dan pemerintahan haruslah di bawah kendali orang-orang bijaksana. Karena orang-orang bijaksana tidak hanya menggunakan rasionalitasnya tetapi juga akal budi untuk memahami realitas. Dalam kehidupan sosial tidak semua individu memiliki kualitas dan kapasitas kepribadian yang pantas dijadikan sebagai rujukan atas suatu perintah. Dalam dunia organisasi sosial maupun organisasi pemerintahan sekalipun tidak semua individu dapat tampil dengan baik memberikan instruksi tertentu kepada bawahannya dengan mengatasnamakan organisasi. Pembahasan mengenai etika selalu menekankan dimensi integritas seseorang, apakah dapat dipercaya atau tidak. Sebaik apapun sistem, namun di bawah kendali orang yang tidak pantas menjalankannya maka tidak akan menghasilkan perubahan yang diinginkan.
Greek ethics and modern ethics have substantial similarities, in which ethics provides direction so that humans can live well and meaningfully based on the values of goodness. In order for humans to live well, what needs to be done is to use ethical wisdom. It is this wisdom ethic that gives rise to wise people, because wise people understand life over the cosmos and reality. Plato said, the state and government must be under the control of wise people. Because wise people use not only their rationality but also reason to understand reality. In social life, not all individuals have the qualities and capacities of personalities that deserve to be used as a reference for an order. In the world of social organizations and governmental organizations, not all individuals can perform well giving certain instructions to their subordinates on behalf of the organization. Discussion on ethics always emphasizes the dimension of one's integrity, whether it can be trusted or not. No matter how good the system, but under the control of people who do not deserve to run it will not produce the desired changes.
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