AGAMA DAN FILSAFAT
Studi Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun
Abstract
Ibnu Khaldun adalah salah satu pemikir yang teguh beriman kepada Allah dan orang yang teguh berpegang pada ajaran Islam. Dalam kitabnya Al-Muqaddimah selalu diselingi dengan nama Allah dan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang sesuai dengan pokok pembahasannya dan pada setiap penutup pasal selalu diakhiri dengan doa dan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an. Jjika berbicara tentang agama, Ibnu Khaldun tidak lupa selalu mengutip ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan hadits-hadits Nabi. Dalam berbicara tentang filsafat, Ibnu Khaldun terlebih dahulu menguraikan perkembangan filsafat Yunani terutama mengenai Plato dan Aristoteles yang membicarakan konsep Tuhan. Ibnu Khaldun juga mengkritik Plato dan Aristoteles, dikatakan bahwa keduanya memiliki konsep yang tidak jelas tentang Tuhan. Ibnu Khaldun juga mengkritik para filsafat dan filosof yang berusaha menjadikan filsafat sebagai sarana menjaga masalah keimanan, akan tetapi Ia tetap menghargai filsafat. Ibnu Khaldun adalah orang pertama yang telah membuat studi kritis terhadap filsafat karena keterbatasan pengetahuan manusia. Sedikit sekali ia menyinggung cara-cara spekulatif yang pernah dikemukakan Al-Farabi, Ibnu Sina, Ibnu Rusyd, dan filosof-filosof lain. Ibnu Khaldun lebih cenderung kepada pendirian Ibnu Rusyd dalam pemikiran ketika berhadapan dengan Al-Ghazali, tapi sebagian para ahli mengatakan bahwa Ibnu Khaldun sedikit banyak dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran Al-Ghazali.
Ibn Khaldun was one of the thinkers who firmly believed in Allah and firmly adhered to the teachings of Islam. In his book Al-Muqaddimah,he has always interspersed with the name of Allah and the verses of the Qur'an in accordance with the subject matter. And even at each closing the chapter, he always ends with prayer and verses of the Qur'an. Whenever talking about the religion Ibn Khaldun always quote the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet. In talking about philosophy, he first described the development of Greek philosophy, especially about Plato and Aristotle who talked about the concept of God. Ibn Khaldun criticized Plato and Aristotle, saying that the two concepts about God were unclear. Ibn Khaldun also criticized philosophers and philosophers who tried to make philosophy a means of guarding the problem of faith. However he still respected the philosophy. Ibn Khaldun was the first to make a critical study of philosophy because of the limitations of human knowledge. He mentioned very little about the speculative ways that Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, and other philosophers have suggested. Ibn Khaldun was more inclined towards the establishment of Ibn Rushd in thought when dealing with Al-Ghazali, but some experts say that Ibn Khaldun was more or less influenced by Al-Ghazali.
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